Factors of 16 – Definition, List, Prime Factorization & Examples

The factors of 16 are the numbers that divide 16 exactly without leaving any remainder. Understanding factors is important because they are widely used in fractions, division, multiplication, and basic number concepts.

In this article, you will learn about the positive factors, negative factors, factor pairs, and prime factorization of 16, explained step by step.

Factors of 16 – List, Factor Pairs and Prime Factorization

What Are Factors?

A factor is a number that divides another number completely, without leaving any remainder.
If a number divides 16 evenly, then that number is called a factor of 16.

How to Calculate the Factors of 16

To find the factors of 16, divide 16 by natural numbers and check which divisions give whole numbers.

16 ÷ 1 = 16  
16 ÷ 2 = 8  
16 ÷ 4 = 4  
16 ÷ 8 = 2  
16 ÷ 16 = 1

Positive and Negative Factors of 16

Positive Factors of 16

The positive factors of 16 are:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16

Negative Factors of 16

The negative factors of 16 are:

-1, -2, -4, -8, -16

Factor Pairs of 16

Factor pairs are two numbers that multiply together to give 16.

Positive Factor Pairs of 16

1 × 16 = 16  
2 × 8 = 16  
4 × 4 = 16  
8 × 2 = 16  
16 × 1 = 16

Negative Factor Pairs of 16

-1 × -16 = 16  
-2 × -8 = 16  
-4 × -4 = 16  
-8 × -2 = 16  
-16 × -1 = 16

Prime Factorization of 16

Prime factorization means expressing a number as a product of prime numbers.

16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

So, the prime factorization of 16 is:

2⁴

How to Find Factors of 16 (Explanation)

To find all the factors of 16, we write 16 as the product of two numbers:

  • 16 = 1 × 16

  • 16 = 2 × 8

  • 16 = 4 × 4

We stop once the numbers start repeating.
This method helps us list all factors easily.

Important Facts About Factors of 16

  • 1 is the smallest factor of 16

  • 16 is the greatest factor of 16

  • 16 is an even and composite number

  • 16 has 5 positive factors

Conclusion

The factors of 16 include all numbers that divide 16 without leaving a remainder. These are 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16, along with their negative counterparts. Learning about factors and prime factorization helps students understand division, fractions, and number relationships more clearly.

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